6,210 flats for sale in Brierley Hill

DIRECTIONS From Droitwich town centre proceed to the Worcester Road and turn left in the direction of Bromsgrove. Continue straight turning left at Portofinos restaurant into Tower Hill and Whittingham Court can be found on the left hand side. SUMMARY * Spacious entrance hallway with electric radiator and generous storage cupboard which houses the water heater. * Lounge/diner with feature fireplace and electric radiator has french doors overlooking the front aspect and also provides easy alternative access in and out of the property. * Fitted kitchen with electric four ring hob & overhead extractor, oven & microwave, fridge & freezer * One double bedroom with mirrored fitted wardrobes * Shower room is fitted with a double walk in shower cubicle, wash hand basin and wc Communal area; * Residents lounge with kitchen area. * Laundry room providing a sink, washing machines and tumble dryers. * A guest suite is available for use of family & friends. * Well maintained communal car park, gard

Being sold via Secure Sale online bidding. Terms & Conditions apply. This property will be legally prepared enabling any interested buyer to secure the property immediately once their bid/offer has been accepted. Ultimately a transparent process which provides speed, security and certainty for all parties. A superb modern third floor, two double bedroom apartment situated within walking distance of the Jewellery Quarter and Birmingham city centre. Close to all local amenities and transport routes. The property is currently tenanted at a rent of 1100.00 PCM. A ready made investment property. Auctioneers Additional Comments: Pattinson Auction are working in Partnership with the marketing agent on this online auction sale and are referred to below as 'The Auctioneer'. This auction lot is being sold either under conditional (Modern) or unconditional (Traditional) auction terms and overseen by the auctioneer in partnership with the marketing agent. The property is available to be viewed str

Stylish City Living Spacious Open-Plan Apartment Prime Birmingham Location Love Your Postcode presents a sleek one-bedroom apartment within the sought-after Honduras Wharf development, offering stylish and low-maintenance city living. No onward chain. The property features a bright open-plan living and dining area, contemporary fitted kitchen with integrated appliances, generous double bedroom and modern bathroom. Residents also benefit from secure entry and lift access. Ideally positioned for Birmingham City Centre, local amenities and excellent transport links, this is an attractive opportunity for first-time buyers, professionals and investors alike. EPC: B Council Tax: B Leasehold: 117 Years Remaining Service Charge: ?2,000 p.a. Ground Rent: ?400 p.a.Entrance Hallway10' 2' x 4' 1' (3.10m x 1.24m)Living Room & Kitchen20' 8' x 9' 8' (6.29m x 2.94m)Master bedroom12' 9' x 10' 2' (3.88m x 3.10m)Family Bathroom Suite7' 8' x 6' 6' (2.34m x 1.98m)Utility room7' 9' x 3' 2' (2.36m x 0.96m)

Welcome to Talbot Close, Erdington! Situated in a sought after location, this delightful ground floor maisonette is available exclusively for the over 60s and is offered for sale on a 70% shared ownership basis with no upward chain, together with a brand new 60-year lease upon completion. As a probate sale, probate has already been granted, allowing for a smoother transaction process. Providing comfortable and low-maintenance living, the property is ideal for those seeking a peaceful and well-maintained setting, further benefiting from a resident warden service and emergency pull cords in the property for added peace of mind. The accommodation is accessed via a side facing entrance door leading into a welcoming entrance hall with useful storage cupboard. A door opens into the spacious lounge featuring a fireplace, radiator, front facing window and an additional storage cupboard. Leading off the lounge is the fitted kitchen, appointed with a range of base and wall mounted units together

NO ONWARD CHAIN - Positioned on private and well-manicured grounds, a neatly presented second floor two double bedroom apartment with stunning views offered with kitchen/diner, bathroom, garage, allocated parking and communal grounds, situated in the semi-rural location of Romsley, Halesowen.The accommodation, which boasts views over the delightful grounds and countryside, allocated parking space and a single garage en bloc, is entered via a secure intercom access into the communal hallway.Once inside, there is a doorway opening up into the kitchen/diner, complete with breakfast bar and integrated appliances. A further reception hallway is located towards the left hand wing of the property, which benefits from a feature fireplace and bay window. From here, you'll also find the further two double bedrooms, both with bay windows, and master bedroom boasting fitted wardrobes. The bathroom is fitted with bathtub and separate shower enclosure.Externally, the residence expansive picturesque

Introducing, this charming two-bedroom, second-floor retirement apartment within the esteemed Highbury Court development in Kings Heath, Birmingham. Offered with no onward chain, this well-loved home presents a fantastic opportunity for those seeking a comfortable and convenient lifestyle. The apartment features a lounge diner, creating a welcoming space to relax, with lovely views overlooking the communal gardens. The kitchen, accessible directly from the dining area, also benefits from garden views, adding to the sense of light and space. The two well-proportioned bedrooms include a master bedroom with a built-in wardrobe, while the shower room is well-appointed and designed for ease of use. Highbury Court is a purpose-built retirement development, completed in 2002, comprising 53 apartments designed for residents aged 60 and above. The development offers a range of communal facilities, including resident management staff and a Careline alarm service, ensuring peace of mind for its r

A delightful, one bedroom second floor apartment occupying a secluded position close to the lift in this pleasant development for the over 60's convenient for local amenities in Halesowen, night storage heating and double glazing, comprising; welcoming hall, spacious lounge with distant views, re fitted kitchen, double bedroom with built in wardrobe, and re fitted wet room. Tenure: Freehold. Construction: Brick built with tiled roof. Services: Mains electricity and drainage are connected. Broadband/Mobile coverage: Visit: checker.ofcom.org.uk/en-gb/broadband-coverage. Council Tax Band B. EPC C. Flood Risk Very Low. By law, we are required to conduct anti-money laundering checks on all potential buyers and sellers, and we take this responsibility very seriously. In line with HMRC guidelines, our trusted partner, Coadjute, will securely manage these checks on our behalf. Once an offer is accepted (subject to contract), Coadjute will send a secure link for you to complete the biometric ch

This well-presented ground floor flat on Enville Street offers convenient and comfortable living, making it an ideal choice for buyers. The property features a welcoming entrance hall with storage cupboard, two well proportioned double bedrooms, and a modern shower room accompanied by a separate WC. A good-size living room and fitted kitchen with a back door that opens directly onto the communal gardens. Additional benefits include communal washing lines and communal parking, all set within a well-maintained residential area. With the added advantage of no upward chain, this is a fantastic opportunity in a desirable Stourbridge location. Early viewing is highly recommended. Tenure: Leasehold. Lease term: 125 years from 3 September 2001, Service charge: Approx. 1400 per year, Ground rent: Approx. 10 per year, Construction: Standard (purpose built). Services: All mains. Broadband/Mobile coverage: Visit: checker.ofcom.org.uk/en-gb/broadband-coverage. Council Tax Band A. EPC D. By law, we

DESCRIPTION A stunning two-bedroom luxury apartment offering over 600 sq. ft. of stylish living space, set over two floors within a unique historical building in Birmingham's vibrant Gun Quarter. This recently converted residence combines historic character with modern specification, making viewings essential to fully appreciate the quality on offer. LOCATION From Michelin-starred fine dining to local eateries and major entertainment hubs to independent stores, the nearby business district is also home to global employers. Ranked as having the highest quality of life outside London, Birmingham is a young and vibrant city on the rise. Snow Hill Station is within easy walking distance as well as major transport hubs at New Street and the forthcoming Curzon Street HS2 Station. The forthcoming new HS2 railway station will provide fantastic opportunities for residents to thrive in Britain's second city. High speed rail links to London, Leeds and Manchester will open up the area to countless

DESCRIPTION A charming, well-presented two-bedroom duplex apartment located within the tranquil Kings Court development, just off St Pauls Square in Birmingham's historic Jewellery Quarter. The internal accommodation briefly comprises an entrance hallway, lounge/dining room, kitchen, two bedrooms (one of which is ensuite), and a family bathroom. Outside of the property there is an immaculately maintained communal garden, and the property also benefits from secure allocated parking. The property is being sold with no upward chain, and is suitable for both first-time buyers and property investors alike. LOCATION Kings Court is a residential development located within Birmingham's historic Jewellery Quarter, a stones throw away from St Pauls Square. The Jewellery Quarter is a designated conservation area and proposed World Heritage Site and is already a prestigious and highly desired part of Birmingham. In recent years the area has become known for offering a more relaxed and peaceful way

A conveniently located one-bedroom first-floor maisonette, situated within a short walk of Bridgnorths historic High Town. The property offers well-proportioned accommodation, newly fitted electric heaters, an allocated parking space and a small garden area.Hook Farm Road is ideally positioned for access to the town centre, where a wide range of amenities includes convenience stores, butchers, cafs, public houses and independent shops.The accommodation begins with an entrance hall and staircase rising to the first floor. A useful landing area incorporates a countertop with space beneath for a washing machine, tumble dryer and freezer.The kitchen provides fitted storage, a freestanding oven, fridge and a useful storage cupboard. A separate living room offers comfortable reception space, whilst the double bedroom benefits from a built-in storage cupboard. Completing the accommodation is a bathroom fitted with a modern vanity unit and a bath with shower over.Externally, the property benef

This spacious and beautifully modernised two double bedroom first floor flat on Sherwood Road offers stylish, well-maintained accommodation that is ready to move into. Improved and carefully looked after by the current owner, the property provides a bright and welcoming living environment with well-proportioned rooms throughout. The flat briefly comprises an entrance hall, generous lounge, modern kitchen/diner, two double bedrooms and a contemporary bathroom. An additional private store room is also located within the communal hall. Early viewings are highly recommended to fully appreciate the size, condition and convenience of the accommodation on offer.The property is approached via a slabbed pathway leading to a secure and well-maintained communal entrance hall, with stairs rising to the first floor. Upon entering the flat, a spacious central entrance hall provides access to all rooms and benefits from three useful storage cupboards, offering excellent practicality.The lounge is a s

DESCRIPTION A well-proportioned one-bedroom fifth-floor apartment offering contemporary open-plan living, a generous private balcony and far-reaching views, set within a modern residential development. The accommodation opens into a welcoming entrance hall which provides access to each of the principal rooms. At the heart of the apartment is a bright open-plan kitchen, living and dining space, creating a versatile area for both everyday living and entertaining. The kitchen is fitted with a range of sleek contemporary units, contrasting work surfaces and integrated appliances, while the adjoining reception area comfortably accommodates both lounge and dining furniture. Large windows and glazed doors introduce excellent natural light and open directly onto an impressive private covered balcony extending across much of the apartment. Offering elevated views across the surrounding neighbourhood and towards the wider skyline, this is a particularly appealing feature and provides valuable ou

Property Ref: 17363 Well-Presented Three-Bedroom Flat in Bromford, Birmingham. 99home is pleased to present this well-located three-bedroom flat in Bromford, Birmingham, B36. The property offers well-proportioned accommodation and would make a suitable home for families, first-time buyers or those looking for convenient access to local amenities. The accommodation comprises a welcoming entrance, a comfortable living room providing a good space for relaxing and entertaining, a fitted kitchen, three bedrooms and a family bathroom. The property benefits from a practical layout with three bedrooms, making it suitable for a growing family or those requiring additional space for a home office or guest room. Located in Bromford, the property is conveniently positioned close to local schools, making it a practical choice for families. There are also nearby public transport links, providing convenient connections to surrounding areas and Birmingham city centre. Local shops, amenities and everyd

Hadleigh Estate Agents are delighted to offer this exclusive and spacious two bedroom apartment for sale. Offered with no upward chain, the apartment enjoys a prime position within the heart of Edgbaston, surrounded by landscaped communal gardens.The apartment is turnkey ready being beautifully presented, combining contemporary design and generous proportions. This substantial apartment offers a grand entrance hallway, with secure intercom video system, leading through to a bright and spacious open plan lounge, fitted kitchen and dining area. The excellent social space, features French doors to a private balcony, with large windows allowing for ample light to flood the room. Two impressive king sized bedrooms, offering convenient built in storage and the master benefitting from en-suite bathroom, complete with both bath and separate shower. Completing the apartment is a modern shower room.At St James Place, residents can enjoy the added benefit of onsite gym facilities, conveniently lo

42 Tasley Close is a spacious two-bedroom apartment arranged over two floors, occupying an elevated position with views across Bridgnorth. Situated in a popular residential area, the property requires full refurbishment and presents an opportunity to create a home tailored to the buyers own style.An entrance hall leads to the separate kitchen and a generously sized living room. The living room provides plenty of space to arrange both seating and dining areas, while its broad window brings in natural light. Two cupboards provide useful storage on the ground floor.Stairs rise to a landing serving two well-proportioned bedrooms and the bathroom. Both bedrooms offer flexibility for different furniture layouts, with the second bedroom also lending itself to use as a home office or guest room. A further cupboard on the landing adds to the practical storage space.Tasley Close is a popular residential cul-de-sac within easy reach of local shops and Bridgnorth town centre. With its two-storey l

NO UPWARD CHAIN - READY TO MOVE INTO IMMEDIATELY! This two bedrooms second floor apartment would be ideal for the down sizer, first time buyer or investor alike. The property has recently had new carpets, flooring and new curtains fitted throughout and offers spacious well appointed living accommodation, occupying a well kept development with garage en bloc and a long lease remaining. Internal viewing would be recommended. Council Tax Band: A (Birmingham City Council) Tenure: Leasehold (285 years) Ground Rent: 0 per year Service Charge: 1,471 per year Parking options: Garage, On Street Garden details: Communal Garden Agents Notes All room measurement are taken at maximum. Approached Via Front aspect door with intercom system leading into communal hallway with stairs property. Hall With handy walk in storage /office space and doors off to all rooms. Storage Room/Office w: 1.22m x l: 1.83m (w: 4' x l: 6' ) Ideal for office space or storage room. Lounge w: 3.35m x l: 5.18m (w: 11' x l: 17

LOVELY TWO BEDROOM FLAT WITH NO CHAIN* We are delighted to offer to the market this desirable, two bedroom, first floor apartment that is superbly located to give good access to all of the nearby places of interest including; Cannon Hill Park, Edgbaston Cricket Ground, QE Hospital, Dental Hospital, City Centre and Birmingham University. In brief the accommodation on offer consists of; living / dining room, integrated kitchen, main bedroom with en-suite shower room, apartment bathroom and second bedroom. The flat also benefits from allocated parking. Energy Efficiency Rating C. To arrange your viewing please call our Moseley office!ApproachThis first floor, two bedroom apartment is approached via front communal gardens leading to steps rising to communal front entry door opening into communal hallway with stairs rising to the first floor accommodation and hardwood front entry door opening into:HallwayWith two ceiling light points, wall-mounted electric storage heater, telephone intercom

To be sold via the modern method of auction. Situated in a highly convenient location, offering excellent access to Birmingham City Centre, superb transport links, and a wide range of local amenities, this spacious top-floor two-bedroom apartment presents an excellent opportunity for first-time buyers and investors alike. The well-proportioned accommodation briefly comprises a welcoming entrance hall with useful storage cupboard, a fitted kitchen, a generous lounge providing ample space for both relaxing and dining, two well-sized double bedrooms, and a modern bathroom complete with a shower over the bath. Further benefits include well-maintained communal gardens and a garage en bloc, adding to the property's appeal.Entrance Hallway4.3 x 1.0 (14'1 x 3'3 )Storage space available, Loft access above, four spotlight style lighting fitted.Lounge4.2 x 3.8 (13'9 x 12'5 )Double glazed window fitted to the side elevation, six spotlight style lighting fitted, electric fire place wall mounted.Kit

Situated within the popular Brindley House development, this well-presented apartment offers modern city living in the heart of Birmingham. Ideally positioned on Newhall Street, the property benefits from a prime central location within walking distance of the Colmore Business District, Snow Hill Station, and the vibrant Jewellery Quarter, placing a wide range of shops, restaurants, and transport links right on your doorstep. The apartment features a bright open-plan living area, designed to maximise space and natural light through large windows overlooking the city. The contemporary kitchen is fitted with integrated appliances, creating a practical and stylish space for both everyday living and entertaining. The property further benefits from a comfortable bedroom area with storage, along with a modern bathroom finished with sleek fittings. Residents of Brindley House also enjoy secure entry, lift access and concierge services, offering both convenience and peace of mind. Perfectly su

A Stylish, Modern Living in a Unique Historic Conversion with NINE, STUNNING ONE & TWO BEDROOMS APARTMENTS AVAILABLE RANGING FROM 219,950 - 259,950. 'The Old Police House'- Plot 2 A Stunning One-Bedroom GROUND Floor Apartment This spacious property retains many original features while offering stylish, thoughtfully planned accommodation. Highlights include: Open-plan living area with a sleek, integrated kitchen Elegant modern family bathroom Allocated parking for convenience Gas central heating and traditional timber-framed double-glazed windows Available NOW with NO UPWARD CHAIN, this home is perfect for those seeking a blend of character and contemporary comfort. SAP Rating C. Council Tax - TBA. Tenure Leasehold. Length of Lease is 999 years. Ground Rent is zero. Management fee initially will be in the region of 1000.00 - 1200.00 /annum. Construction: Brick with a pitched interlocking tile roof. All mains services are connected. Broadband/Mobile coverage: checker.ofcom.org.uk/en-gb/b

Situated in the heart of Birmingham City Centre, this well-presented first-floor apartment at Clive Passage, offers stylish and convenient urban living, ideal for first-time buyers, professionals and investors alike. The accommodation comprises a bright and spacious open-plan lounge and dining area, seamlessly connected to a modern fitted kitchen, creating the perfect space for relaxing and entertaining. From the lounge, there is direct access to a rear courtyard, providing a valuable outdoor space rarely found in city-centre apartments. The property also benefits from a good-sized bedroom and a contemporary fitted shower room finished to a high standard. Clive Passage enjoys an excellent central location, with Birmingham's vibrant business district, Colmore Row and the Jewellery Quarter all within easy reach. Residents can enjoy a wide range of restaurants, cafs, bars, shops and leisure facilities nearby, whilst excellent transport links include Birmingham Snow Hill, New Street and Mo

LOCATION: Homepeal House is nestled off Alcester Road South, Kings Heath, a suburb of South Birmingham, five miles south of the city centre. Kings Heath is a very popular area which grew around the High Street where there are many restaurants, cafes and shops. The location also benefits from nearby doctors and dental practices. The area is also best known for its wide range of outstanding primary and secondary schools and great transport links in and out of the city centre, including the 50 bus route and the new Train Station in Kings Heath, where construction is due to be complete in the near future. Kings Heath has two parks in particular Kings Heath Park featuring a Victorian-styled tea room and Highbury Park (on the border with Moseley) both are known for their unusual plants and trees. Many of the homes in the area date back from Victorian times ranging from terraces to large Edwardian detached homes. HOW TO GET THERE: Enter into Sat Nav: B14 6DT GENERAL ADVICE: Before travelling

Nestled in the vibrant heart of Birmingham, this charming two-bedroom apartment offers a perfect blend of contemporary living and urban convenience, priced attractively at ?245,000. Ideal for first-time buyers, professionals, or investors, this property presents a fantastic opportunity to own a stylish home in one of the West Midlands` most sought-after locations. Upon entering, you are welcomed into a bright and spacious reception room, designed with an open-plan layout that maximises natural light and creates a warm, inviting atmosphere. The neutral d?cor and quality flooring provide a versatile canvas, allowing you to personalise the space to your taste. The reception area comfortably accommodates both a lounge and dining zone, making it perfect for relaxing evenings or entertaining guests. The kitchen is thoughtfully integrated into the living space, featuring modern fittings and ample storage. Equipped with sleek units, a built-in oven, hob, and space for essential appliances, it

A DECEPTIVELY SPACIOUS & SUPERBLY ARRANGED APARTMENT offering a PREFFERED SECOND / TOP FLOOR POSITION within this DESIRABLE DEVELOPMENT, and furthermore encompassing a VERY WELL PROPORTIONED layout of accommodation with Gas Central Heating & Double Glazing. This MODERN STYLE PROPERTY is for sale with NO ON-GOING CHAIN and is superbly located for an EXCELLENT ARRAY of Sought After Schooling & Regular Transportation Links, together with having the POPULAR & CONVENIENT MERRY HILL SHOPPING COMPLEX within close proximity. An EARLY INTERNAL VIEWING is ADVISED if to appreciate the accommodation on offer, which in brief comprises: Reception Hallway, Spacious Dual Aspect Sitting Room with Dining Area, Modern Well Fitted Kitchen, Two Good Sized Bedrooms (Master Bedroom with En-Suite Shower Room) and Principal Bathroom. Externally with both Allocated & Visitor Off Road Parking and Well Maintained Communal Gardens & Grounds. EPC: C. Council Tax Band: A. All main services connected. Broadband / Mob

STUNNING TWO BEDROOM APARTMENT IN LEAFY MOSELEY* Rice Chamberlains are pleased to present this gorgeous two bedroom apartment in the well established Oakview Establishment. Located in close proximity to Moseley Village, residents here have access to all nearby amenities like cafes, restaurants, pubs, laundromats, pharmacies, grocers, Moseley Private Park and community hubs. This is also complimented by local transport routes, including the new Moseley Train Station, providing access to Birmingham City Centre, The Apartment complex is hugely benefited by gated parking to the rear as well as green space and bike storage. This stunning space comprises of; an L-Shaped hallway with spacious storage cupboards, a sleek and modern open style living kitchen area, a spacious primary bedroom with en-suite shower room, built in wardrobes, and separate bathroom, the property benefits from a second bedroom and has a lovely entrance hallway. The property has a heating system with underfloor heating t

Partridge Homes are pleased to present this chain-free, ground floor retirement apartment, offered on a 70% shared ownership basis and age-restricted for over 60's, ideally located in the heart of Yardley. Designed for comfortable and manageable living, this well-presented one-bedroom home comprises a welcoming lounge, fitted kitchen, bathroom, and useful storage space. The property further benefits from central heating and double glazing (where specified) and is conveniently positioned close to local bus routes, shops, and everyday amenities, making it an excellent opportunity for those seeking a secure and well-connected retirement setting. Approach Communal Entrance Lounge 3.51m (11' 6') x 3.60m (11' 10') Kitchen 1.66m (5' 5') x 2.95m (9' 8') Bedroom 2.70m (8' 10') x 4.55m (14' 11') Shower Room 1.65m (5' 5') x 2.12m (6' 11') Lease Details Lease- 55 Years remaining (To be confirm by solicitors) Service Charge- ?270.72 pcm (To be confirm by solicitors) Ground Rent- Nil

ALL PROCEEDABLE OFFERS SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED OPEN HOUSE SATURDAY 31ST OCTOBER 2026 BETWEEN 2PM AND 3PM Walton and Hipkiss are pleased to offer For sale a one Bedroom Retirement apartment set within the sought after St Saviours Court development sitting close to Hagley village amenities and train station. Having communal grounds, lawned areas, pathways with lighting leading to front communal entrance with intercom.Full DescriptionSituated within a well-maintained development, this appealing one-bedroom apartment offers comfortable living accommodation, overlooking the attractive communal gardens.Upon entering the communal entrance, residents benefit from ramp access, lighting, seating areas, a communal laundry room and lift access, providing convenience and accessibility throughout the development.The apartment itself comprises a welcoming reception hallway with a useful storage cupboard, leading through to a delightful sitting room overlooking the communal gardens. The fitted kitchen of

Summary A luxury two bedroom apartment located on the GROUND FLOOR of an attractive building boasting bright and modern accommodation as well as a garage, allocated parking space and direct access onto a small garden area. The residence is positioned within an exclusive privately managed development built by CALA Estates in 2017, within walking distance to the village centre and train station.Description Accessed from either the front or back via a communal lobby with intercom, the immaculate apartment comprises an entrance hallway with two useful storage cupboards and a magnificent open plan kitchen/lounge/dining room with direct access via french doors onto a patio garden and views over an area of greenery and balancing pond. Integrated kitchen appliances include a fitted fridge/freezer, Siemens cooker, gas hob, dishwasher and washer/dryer.The main double bedroom features a built in double wardrobe and modern en suite shower room and there is also a guest bedroom (with fitted wardrob

An improved and well presented first floor apartment in a delightful cul-de-sac location, double glazing as specified, security answerphone, hall, fitted breakfast/kitchen, lounge/dining room, two bedrooms, refitted bathroom with shower, and garage in nearby block. The property has the benefit of an extended lease. NO CHAIN. Savoy Close leads off Tennal Road, in turn leading between Court Oak Road and War Lane/Northfield Road. It is readily accessible to the Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, the University of Birmingham and Harborne Leisure Centre, as well as excellent amenities around Harborne High Street and regular transport services leading through to comprehensive City Centre leisure entertainment and shopping facilities. The property itself is situated on the first floor of a three storey purpose-built block, located to the front corner of this development which is set in its own landscaped grounds, having lawns, trees and some communal parking facilities. Approach is via communal